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Supporting South African local government to meet sustainable energy and climate change challenges. |
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Supporting South African local government to meet sustainable energy and climate change challenges. |
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This guide aims to assist developing cities that are still building their capacity to collect data for climate change action planning by focusing on the most important data sources and providing guidance on where and how to get this data (Sustainable Energy Africa, 2018).
A generic terms of reference document for a municipal Energy and Climate Change Strategy (City Energy Support Unit of Sustainable Energy Africa).
A generic terms of reference document for a municipal State of Energy Assessment (City Energy Support Unit of Sustainable Energy Africa).
This Protocol provides requirements and guidance for cities on preparing and publicly reporting a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventory. The primary goal is to provide a standardized step-by-step approach to help cities quantify their GHG emissions in order to manage and reduce their GHG impacts. The Protocol is in a pilot phase, with the release of the final version expected in 2014. It replaces the International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol and the International Standard for Determining GHG Emissions for Cities. (C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability, 2014)
A component of the eThekwini Greenhouse Gas Inventory work was the development of a customised Excel-based Inventory Reporting System to facilitate the future compilation of the inventory. This document is a guide on the use of this spreadsheet. (WSP Environment and Energy for eThekwini Municipality, 2011)
This greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory spreadsheet template was created for eThekwini Municipality, but can be used by other municipalities wishing to create their own GHG inventories. The inventory is based on ICLEI's International Local Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol V1.0 and Local Government Operations Protocol for the Quantification and Reporting of GHG Inventories V1.1. (WSP Environment and Energy for eThekwini Municipality, 2011)
This document provides municipalities a detailed methodology to be able to conduct data collation data for a Greenhouse Gas Inventory (SEA, 2017)
This Protocol was developed by ICLEI to provide an easily implemented set of guidelines to assist local governments in quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions from both their internal operations and from the whole communities within their geopolitical boundaries. (ICLEI, 2009)
A guide to integrating climate change risks and opportunities into municipal Integrated Development Plans. (Developed by Sustainable Energy Africa and the Palmer Development Group for the Department of Environmental Affairs and Department of Cooperative Governance, and SALGA 2012)
This toolkit complements the Let's Respond Guide. (Developed by Sustainable Energy Africa and Palmer Development Group for Department of Environmental Affairs, Department of Cooperative Governance and SALGA, 2012)
This tool can be used to provide a quick overview of energy consumption and emissions by fuel, and electricity consumption and emissions by sector within a municipal area. It also provides a summary of the potential impact of major electricity efficiency interventions. (SEA, 2014)
This is the third iteration of a practical how-to handbook for local municipalities on the roll-out of sustainable energy measures. The first section focuses on governance and legislation (e.g. mandates, green procurement, institutionalising of sustainable energy concerns, etc.); the second on municipal sustainable energy initiatives (e.g. solar water heating, efficient buildings, sustainable transport, etc.); and the third on macro developments (e.g. smart grids, concentrated solar, ocean energy, etc.). Interactive icons assist in skipping between chapters. (SEA, 2017)
The main purpose of this handbook is to assist people who are working in or with local government to develop sustainable energy and climate action plans and implementation programmes. (ICLEI, UN-HABITAT, UNEP, 2009)
This document covers how energy is used in Buffalo City Municipality and the effect that this has on climate change, the environment, the local economy and livelihoods. (Buffalo City Municipality, 2008)
An informative booklet stating the case of the City's action plan to tackle future energy use and a changing climate. (City of Cape Town, 2011)
A strategy to integrate sustainable energy approaches into the core functions of the City of Cape Town, with a framework that provides a clear vision and direction for the City as a whole. (Sustainable Energy Africa & GEOcc for City of Cape Town, 2007)
The City has made institutional and strategy changes to address vulnerability to threats like poor energy security and climate change impacts, and to reduce its high carbon footprint. Energy2040 informs the sustainable energy action plan into the future (City of Cape Town, 2015).
This 2013 low carbon strategy is for the central Cape Town city area and provides data and information as well as action plans to move the city towards a lower carbon trajectory. Key areas for change lie in electricity and transport efficiency. (Sustainable Energy Africa and Cape Town Partnership, 2013)
Displays low-carbon targets, policies and actions of leading South African Cities. (WWF, ICLEI, 2014)
The Eastern Cape Provincial Government's policy responses to facilitate planned and co-ordinated approaches to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. (Dept. of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs, Eastern Cape Provincial Govt., 2011)
In 2008, The Eastern Cape Provincial Executive Committee mandated the Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs to host a Provincial Energy Summit, aimed at stimulating discussions about the development of a common approach to guide the officials in the Province in identifying and implementing solutions to the challenges of sustainable energy provision in the immediate, short, medium and long term. This strategy is the main outcome from the summit. (Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs, 2012)
This strategy aims to integrate and entrench sustainable energy approaches and practices at the local level. It prioritises and co-ordinates energy and climate change activities. (Sustainable Energy Africa for Ekurhuleni Metro Municipality, 2007)
The Energy Strategy is the eThekwini Energy Office's most important document and acts as plan of action for all Energy Office projects. ( Enviros Consulting for EThekwini Municipality, 2008)
The main purpose of the strategy and implementation plan is to direct the way that energy is supplied and used within the Gauteng province during the next 5 years (2015); 15 years (2025); 45 years (2055) and beyond, in an integrated and comprehensive manner. (Sustainable Energy Africa for Gauteng Provincial Govt., 2009)
The strategy aims to reduce the man-made causes of climate change through the promotion of a more sustainable use of energy, while also identifying communities and ecosystems most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change in order to minimise these impacts. (Hessequa Municipality)
This strategy was approved by Cabinet in November 2011. It builds on the 2008 National Framework for Sustainable Development and several initiatives that were launched by the business sector, government, NGOs, civil society, academia and other key role players to address issues of sustainability in South Africa. (Department of Environmental Affairs, 2011)
The intention of the strategy is to provide a sound statistical basis from which to design a strategy that talks to the municipality’s commitment, as expressed in its mission statement, to innovation and sustainable development (including carbon emissions reduction and economic development) and its energy vision of reliable, safe and affordable energy services for all (SEA, 2016).
The Polokwane Municipality Energy Strategy sets out the municipality’s plan to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy within its area of jurisdiction (FutureWorks, SALGA and Urban Earth, 2013).
This guide is aimed at officials in South African local government. The strategy is not prescriptive, but requires that municipalities adopt and adapt the broad strategic direction presented here, towards their own strategy and action plan. (Sustainable Energy Africa for South African Local Government Association, 2014)
This report sets out the Municipality's short and medium term plan to combat climate change and promote sustainable energy solutions within its area of jurisdiction. The SPECCS also draws on Sol Plaatje's vision of emerging as South Africa's premier 'Solar City,' in line with the municipality's 'Declaration of Commitment to Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Mitigation'. (Sustainable Energy Africa for Sol Plaatje Municipality, 2009)
A report on the inclusion of Sustainable Energy and Climate Change in municipal Integrated Development Plans (GIZ & SALGA, 2015)
This discussion paper tries to provide a closer look into the fundamental elements that characterize the German and South African energy markets, as well as highlight the challenges that are prevalent in the energy markets of both countries together with the opportunities that can be exploited in the current structures of these energy markets (BBH, Eclareon and SEA, 2018).
This report explores the energy, cost and emissions implications of future energy scenarios for the City of Tshwane, and builds on the information presented in the City of Tshwane State of Energy Report (SEA, 2016).
The strategy focus is on developing an integrated sustainable Energy and Climate Change Strategy with links to the concurrently developed Air Quality Management Plan. (Africon Engineering for City of Tshwane Metro Municipality, 2006)
This report presents an overview of the City of Tshwane's energy profile, and assesses the municipal revenue impact of current and future energy-related factors. It provides a foundation for further analysis of the energy future of the city, and associated sustainable energy strategy development (SEA, 2016).
This document builds upon the following reports: Tshwane State of Energy Report and Tshwane Energy Futures Report. Based on these reports, this document proposes a detailed strategy to address the challenges and constraints faced by the City (SEA, 2016).
Building on the 2008 Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy and Action Plan, the updated Strategy is newly aligned with the National Climate Change Response Policy and geared to strategically direct and mainstream climate change actions and related issues throughout relevant Provincial transversal agendas. (Western Cape Provincial Government, 2014)
The response strategy and action plan aims to strengthen the Western Cape Province's resilience to climate change and its adaptive capacity, particularly in vulnerable economic sectors and communities. It further aims to maintain the Western Cape's status as a relatively low greenhouse gas emitter by reducing the provincial carbon footprint even in the face of economic growth. (Western Cape Provincial Government, 2008)
On the 8th of June 2018, the Department of Environmental Affairs published the Climate Change Bill for comment. This document provides comments on the Bill by Sustainable Energy Africa (Sustainable Energy Africa, 2018).
The IPAP 2013/14-15/16 is the fifth iteration of what has come to be commonly referred to as IPAP2. It takes its lead from the NDP and NGP. It informs the strategies and programmes of the various divisions of the department responsible for trade, investment, export promotion and enterprise development, as well as the work of the incentive division, which directly supports and underpins the work of the Industrial Development. It considers energy and green industry development. (Dept. of Trade and Industry, 2013)
The 20 year electricity plan for South Africa. (DoE, 2011)
A first review and update of the 2010 IRP - electricity plan for the country. (DoE, 2013)
The 2011 White Paper by the national Department of Environmental Affairs sets out the country's response to climate change and outlines mitigation and adaptation strategy options. It recognises the important role of co-operative governance and the role of local government in implementation. (Dept. of Environmental Affairs, 2011)
This 2011 national government document sets out a comprehensive plan for the country that will see a reduction in inequality and elimination of poverty by 2030. The Plan provides an overarching guide to all policies and strategies for government. Chapter 4 looks at economic infrastructure and specifically deals with energy and chapter 5 with the transition to a low-carbon economy. (National Planning Commission, 2011)
Integrated energy planning is undertaken to determine the optimum way to meet current and future energy service needs in the most efficient and socially beneficial manner. (DoE, 2012)
This document outlined five key objectives: to increase access to affordable energy services particularly to meet the basic needs of the poor, to improve energy governance, to stimulate economic development, to manage energy related environmental impacts particularly focusing on poor households and to secure supply through diversity. In 1998, at the time this paper came out, 40% of all homes and many schools and clinics in South Africa were without access to electricity supply. This was an important document and in many respects set the scene for some of the policies and strategies that followed. (Govt. of South Africa, 1998)
This State of Energy Report is part of the development of an Energy Policy and Strategy for Buffalo City Municipality (BCM). This in response to the Integrated Development Plan mandate given to the BCM Integrated Environmental Management Planning Unit, which requires the completion of an Energy Efficient and Sustainable Energy Policy, including a State of Energy Report. (Buffalo City Municipality, 2008)
This infographic is a visual representation of energy consumption and emissions by sector in the City of Cape Town metropolitan area. Data used for this infographic was based on 2007/8 data. (Sustainable Energy Africa)
The Cape Town State of Energy 2015 report presents the energy picture of the city (2012 baseline) and tracks key sustainable energy indicators.The thrust of this work focuses on the three major aspects of sustainable energy: energy efficiency improvements, renewable energy promotion and increased access by the poor to safe, modern, affordable energy.
This report differs from the 2003 Cape Town State of Energy Report in that it includes significant information from a study commissioned by the City entitled Energy Scenarios for Cape Town: Exploring the Implications of Different Energy Futures for the City up to 2050. (City of Cape Town, 2011)
This report provides the 'energy picture' for the Cape Town metropolitan area. It gives the background and direction for the development of the City's Energy Strategy, which is a component of the City's Integrated Metropolitan Environmental Policy (IMEP). (Sustainable Energy Africa for City of Cape Town, 2003)
This booklet represents a summary of the findings of a SEA report on the energy and emissions picture of the major urban centres in South Africa, and alternative energy and emissions futures scenario modelling. (SEA, 2015)
Energy and emissions future scenarios were modelled for urban South Africa, based on energy data from 27 of the most highly urbanised municipalities in the country. The scenario modelling highlighted the largest emissions sources and energy-consuming sectors, and identified the mitigation measures that would have the most impact with regards to reducing energy consumption and emissions production. (SEA, 2016)
This report was created in preparation for the development of an Energy Strategy within the municipality. The aim is to provide a status report on the use of energy in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, which includes an assessment of the type of data available relating to energy supply and demand by energy carrier and by energy user. (Sustainable Energy Africa for Ekurhuleni Metro Municipality, 2005)
This resource document on sustainable energy in South Africa provides a context for energy and urbanization situation in South Africa, and explores the status of planning and implementation of sustainable energy options in urban areas. The aim is to inform the way forward for sustainable energy transitions at local government level. (SEA, 2014)
This infographic is a visual representation of energy consumption and emissions by sector in eThekwini Municipality. (Sustainable Energy Africa)
The inventory identifies the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from both the government and community sectors within the eThekwini Municipal Area in 2010. (WSP Environment and Energy for EThekwini Municipality, 2010)
Contains a summary of the raw data behind the Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2011. (EThekwini Municipality, 2011)
The inventory identifies the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from both the government and community sectors within the eThekwini Municipal Area in 2011. (EThekwini Municipality, 2011)
Contains a summary of the raw data behind the Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2012. (EThekwini Municipality, 2014)
The inventory identifies the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from both the government and community sectors within the eThekwini Municipal Area in 2012. (eThekwini Municipality, 2014)
This report represents the city's first attempt to aggregate multi-sector energy data alongside analyses of key energy issues which in turn underpins, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, the development of an Energy Strategy for the Municipality. (EThekwini Municipality, 2006)
This is energy use report for three Gauteng municipalities; Ekurhuleni (EMM), Johannesburg (CoJ) and Tshwane (CTMM). The data report looks at the municipalities' energy use and then from this, devises strategies to substantially revise energy use in all sectors to be more sustainable in the years to come (ERC and EnerKey,2008).
Data for an electricity efficient central Cape Town city area part of the low carbon strategy for Cape Town CBD. (Sustainable Energy Africa and Cape Town Partnership, 2014)
Data for a sustainable central Cape Town city area part of the low carbon strategy for Cape Town CBD. (Sustainable Energy Africa and Cape Town Partnership, 2014)
Data for sustainable transport in the central Cape Town city area part of the low carbon strategy for Cape Town CBD. (Sustainable Energy Africa and Cape Town Partnership, 2014)
Data for a sustainable central Cape Town city area focus on waste and government buildings as part of the low carbon strategy for Cape Town CBD. (Sustainable Energy Africa and Cape Town Partnership, 2014)
This infographic is a visual representation of energy consumption and emissions by sector in the City of Johannesburg metropolitan area. (Sustainable Energy Africa)
This is the first State of Energy Report for the City of Johannesburg and it builds upon the intentions and objectives of the City's Integrated Development and Integrated Environmental Management Plans. It furthermore derives impetus from both the 2005 Energy Strategy for South Africa and the National White Paper on Renewable Energy. (Enviros Consulting for City Johannesburg, 2008)
The KwaDukuza Local Municipality Greenhouse Gas Inventory was conducted using energy data from the 2012 calendar year as the baseline for this study. The inventory is compliant with the international accounting protocols, techniques and methodologies of both the International Local Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis Protocol and the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions. (ICLEI for KwaDukuza Local Municipality, 2013)
An infographic of the data contained in the KwaDukuza Local Municipality Greenhouse Gas Inventory. (ICLEI, 2013)
This report presents an energy picture for the Mbombela Local Municipality, for the year 2011, to serve as a baseline document to support the preparation of an energy strategy for the municipality. (2013)
A Department of Energy consolidated aggregated energy balance per commodity for 2010. (DoE, 2010)
This infographic is a visual representation of energy consumption and emissions by sector in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. (Sustainable Energy Africa)
This report presents an energy picture for the Polokwane Local Municipality, for the year 2011, to serve as a baseline document to support the preparation of an energy strategy for the municipality. (2013)
This document provides a status quo on energy-related data, policies, programmes and projects in South African local municipalities. This status quo informed the Local Government Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Strategy, which is a separate document. (Sustainable Energy Africa for South African Local Government Association, 2014)
This infographic is a visual representation of energy consumption and emissions by sector in Sol Plaatje Municipality. (Sustainable Energy Africa)
This report forms part of Sol Plaatje's broad environmental work, including its participation within the ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection programme, and is the basis for the development of an Energy Strategy for Sol Plaatje. (Sustainable Energy Africa for Sol Plaatje Municipality, 2005)
This report, produced by Sustainable Energy Africa, aimed at developing a baseline picture of energy supply and consumption in South African cities. (SEA, 2006)
This report produced by the City Energy Support Unit of Sustainable Energy Africa provides an update on the 2006 report. It attempts to contribute to the body of work detailing and documenting city work and the policy arena relating to energy development. (SEA, 2011)
This report examines the sustainable energy development path of 18 key cities in South Africa. For the first time, data from over a decade provides the opportunity to track changes and identify possible trends emerging in the sustainable development of cites, particularly the metros (SEA, 2015).
The Steve Tshwete Greenhouse Gas Inventory was conducted using data from 2012 calendar year as the baseline year. The inventory is compliant with the international accounting protocols, techniques and methodologies of both the International Local Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis Protocol and the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions. (ICLEI for Steve Tshwete Local Municipality, 2013)
An infographic of the data contained in the Steve Tshwete Local Municipality Greenhouse Gas Inventory. (ICLEI, 2013)
This report explores South African cities’ commitments to urban GHG emissions reduction efforts and how these actions can boost economic activity, lower the environmental effects of sprawl and help cities overcome historical spatial distortions that impact impoverished communities. The report found a substantial decoupling of urban economic growth from energy and carbon intensity. (SEA, 2015)
This report takes into account Tshwane's own City Development Strategy, Energy Baseline Report, Air Quality Management Plan, Integrated Environment Policy and Integrated Transport Plan as well as a multitude of activities taking place in Tshwane under the Sustainable Energy Tshwane and Non-Conventional Energy Working Group in framing the issues on which a sustainable energy strategy can be formulated. (Africon Engineering for City of Tshwane Metro Municipality, 2005)
This report contains an energy supply and demand database, including energy-related emissions, and an energy- and waste-related emissions report. The database was developed to support the strategic intentions of the Western Cape Government, specifically in relation to the Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy and Action Plan and the White Paper on Sustainable Energy for the Western Cape. (Sustainable Energy Africa for Western Cape Provincial Government, 2013)
This working paper examines the ideal role of city governments under a vertically integrated climate governance system designed to maximize urban mitigation potential.
This report focuses on the financing of green infrastructure, with Saldanha Bay as a case study. It covers (1) secondary cities and municipal sustainability, (2) gaps in current models of municipal infrastructure provision, (3) green infrastructure for municipal sustainability, (4) evaluating green municipal infrastructure, (5) implementing green municipal infrastructure – financing considerations and options, and (5) key recommendations and questions. (ICLEI, 2015)
This document provides a framework for impact reporting on projects in Johannesburg to which Green Bond proceeds have been allocated. Performance data has been provided for selected Green Bond projects for the reporting period 2013/14, pointing to the environmental benefit associated with each project. (Environmental Resources Management for City of Johannesburg, 2015)
This paper highlights how climate change issues need to be rooted in local realities that centre on avoiding or limiting impacts from, for instance, heat waves, heavy rainfall and storm surges and sea-level rise, and also the ecological changes and water supply constraints brought about by climate change. (Roberts, D. 2008)
This is a briefing paper for the Government Technical Advisory Centre on electricity demand patterns, electricity prices and the effect of price increases on municipal finances in South African metros since 2007. (Rolfe Eberhard, 2015)
This is a briefing paper for the Government Technical Advisory Centre on major supply dynamics in the electricity industry, internationally and in South Africa, with a focus on new energy (solar and wind) uptake and its impact on marginal cost of supply. (Rolfe Eberhard, 2015)
This is a briefing paper for the Government Technical Advisory Centre on the implications of electricity demand and supply patterns for the future of the electricity industry at the city level in South Africa, with a focus on the significance of new energy and embedded generation. (Rolfe Eberhard, 2015)
This is a briefing paper for the Government Technical Advisory Centre on critical issues facing cities with regards to electricity, covering economic competitiveness, electricity supply dynamics, the role of cities, municipal finance, the municipal voice, legislative mandates and regulation, procurement from IPPs and the role of embedded generation. (Rolfe Eberhard, 2015)
The 2006 Review examines the evidence on the economic impacts of climate change and explores the economics of stabilising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The second half of the Review considers the complex policy challenges involved in managing the transition to a low-carbon economy and in ensuring that societies can adapt to the consequences of climate change that can no longer be avoided. (Stern, N., 2006)
This study examined the potential for African cities to proactively govern climate change mitigation by exploring the constraints and enablers of local governance institutional structures in three smaller cities: Jinja in Uganda, Ga East in Ghana and Polokwane in South Africa. In Uganda and Ghana, uneven progress with implementing decentralisation reforms greatly limits local government action, while South Africa's highly devolved governance structure and supportive national frameworks assist with greater local governance of low-carbon development. Systemic capacity and resource constraints within municipalities suggest a more collaborative mode of climate governance is required in African cities. (Louise Tait; Megan Euston-Brown)
The main purpose of this Act is to ensure an uninterrupted and diverse supply of energy and facilitate effective management of energy demand. It refers to the promotion of energy research and standards, ensuring data collection, optimising supply and demand, and ensuring the health and safety of all people and the environment. It proposes that the Minister must annually review and publish an Integrated Energy Plan and set up the South African National Energy Development Institute focusing on energy efficiency and energy research and development. (Government of South Africa, 2008)
The White Paper on Sustainable Energy is an essential first step to move the Western Cape Province on to a more sustainable path of energy production and use. The vision of the White Paper is to contribute towards affordable energy use for all and to minimise the negative effects of energy usage upon human health development and energy use through efficient practices. (Western Cape Provincial Government)